• Apple scab

  available. They infect the plant by direct penetration of the cuticula and then grow between the cuticula and the epidermis of the plant cells. This causes lesions [...] cuticula. The asexual conidia are released and repeat the cycle of infection of new plant parts and spore production. In autumn, the fungus produces new [...] research that has been done on the influence of climatic conditions on release of ascospores and risk of infection, a decision support systems has been

• Antracnosis del haba

  a minimum crop rotation of four years with non-host crops Bury or remove crop debris Prevent plant diseases by optimizing plant potential and crop resilience [...] General Ascochyta pisi is a fungal plant pathogen that causes A scochyta blight on pea (leaf blight or pea blight) and lesions of stems, leaves, and pods (pea [...] stem base but is not part of the foot rot syndrome in peas. Infected seeds may have brown areas. Life cycle and appearance of Pea blight, leaf and pod spot

• False spider mites

  are usually found on the underside of leaves where they cause a brown, scabby discolouration spreading from both sides of the main vein into the leaf blade [...] blade. The damage often leads to premature ageing of the plant. In some crops, plants can become misshapen, presumably because the mites secrete a substance [...] phoenicis) also feeds on fruits of for instance citrus, papaya and pomegranate. Several Brevipalpus species are known to transmit plant viruses. Unlike most true

• Oriental fruit moth

  larva and pupa. It is made of silken threads and particles of the objects on which it rests. The pupa is reddish-brown. The number of generations per year varies [...] on the surface of the host plant or under bark. The adults emerge after 1-2 weeks. There are up to five generations per year. The larvae of the later generations [...] from Japan to Australia, central Europe, the east coast of the USA and Brazil at the beginning of the twentieth century. Since then, the pest has been introduced

• Shore fly

  scale that growth, particularly of young cuttings, can be retarded. Life cycle and appearance of Shore fly The life cycle of the shore fly ( Scatella tenuicosta [...] commonly, often in the vicinity of water. They feed on algae. Other shore fly species have diverse feeding habits but the larvae of most species feed on rotting [...] mm long, and stout with short antennae and short legs. The head of the adult has a pair of conspicuous eyes. The wings have grey-brown patches. Although

• Black tea thrips

  droplets of black excrement from the thrips. Life cycle and appearance of Black tea thrips Adult black tea thrips are dark brown with the apex of the abdomen [...] it also occurs in greenhouses of temperate areas, is highly polyphagous, and has been recorded from more than 100 plant species. Seriously damaged crops [...] to remain in the shaded areas on the plant. The eggs are white and banana-shaped and are inserted singly in plant tissue by the females. The early larval

• Moscas

  small flies of the families Sciaridae (sciarid flies) and Ephydridae (shore flies). The larvae of these insects generally live on rotting plant material and [...] directly and indirectly. The type of damage depends on the species of the flies. Direct damage is the immediate result of larvae feeding on root hairs and [...] to plants, they are often a problem due to their large number. Larvae of flies of the family Keroplatidae (mainly Lyprauta sp.) can cause damage in potted

• FAQ Nematodes

  entomopathogenic nematodes are natural enemies of a lot of insects. Are all nematode species harmless? No. Plant pathogenic nematodes cause harm to plants. [...] host to this group of nematodes. By far the most nematodes belong to the group of saprophytes. These nematodes are harmless and live of dead organic matter [...] visible? Infected larvae will change color because of the growth of the bacteria and nematodes. In case of Heterorhabditis pink-reddish and Steinernema ye

• Pulgones

  extraen nutrientes de la planta y alteran el equilibrio de las hormonas del crecimiento. Como resultado, el crecimiento de la planta se retrasa, dando lugar [...] causará la muerte de las plantas jóvenes. El crecimiento retardado y la defoliación reducen el rendimiento. La savia de las plantas tiene un bajo contenido [...] Biological control of aphids Los pulgones se encuentran entre las plagas más dañinas en los cultivos bajo invernadero y a campo abierto, ya que provocan

• Orius insidiosus

  s activos que se alimentan de trips. También consumen polen y jugos de plantas, que pueden complementar su dieta cuando las presas escasean. Los insectos