Apple scab

scales. The lesions are olive-green. When spores are produced, the lesions become grey and fluffy. The lesions caused by ascospores are more restricted, whereas [...] the temperature, these ascospores mature and are subsequently released when they become wet. The ascospores are wind-dispersed to the fruit trees and will [...] conidiophores, structures which carry conidia, are formed which extend through the cuticula. The asexual conidia are released and repeat the cycle of infection

Black tea thrips

and males are rare. The adults are poor fliers and tend to remain in the shaded areas on the plant. The eggs are white and banana-shaped and are inserted [...] black tea thrips are dark brown with the apex of the abdomen paler; females are 1.4-1.7 mm long and males are 1.1-1.2 mm long. The legs are entirely white [...] in the tropics and subtropics; it also occurs in greenhouses of temperate areas, is highly polyphagous, and has been recorded from more than 100 plant species

Antracnosis del haba

pods of peas. The spots on leaves and pods are round, on the stems they are more elongated. The lesions are light brown, sunken and surrounded by a dark [...] ss and because chlamydospores are rare. Primary infection is purely seed-borne. Conidia and other fungal structures are transmitted on the outside of the [...] through the cuticle. On the lesions, pycnidia are formed from which orange-red masses of two-celled conidia are exuded. Secondary infection is by splash dispersal

False spider mites

spider mites ( Tenuipalpidae ) are brick-red to yellow in colour. They have the same body shape as spider mites but are usually smaller. The different [...] deutonymph and adult. They move slowly and are mostly found along the veins on the underside of leaves. The mites are flattened and egg-shaped when seen from [...] dorsal surface showing a net-like pattern. The eggs are a clear red colour and elliptical in shape. They are laid in a fold in the leaf or along the mid-vein

Oriental fruit moth

When at rest, the wings are held in a roof-like position over the body, and the antennae are bent backwards over the wings. Eggs are translucent-white when [...] peach and nectarines; other fruit trees like apple, pear, almond and apricot are also attacked by this pest. It is native to north-west China, and spread from [...] approximately 12 mm, and is pink to almost red. The head and the anal plate are brown. They have a black anal fork (anal comb) above the anal opening. The

Shore fly

the adult fly. The eggs are laid singly and are bean-shaped. A first instar larva is translucent white. Second instar larvae are brownish, less translucent [...] habits but the larvae of most species feed on rotting material. Shore flies are commonly found in greenhouses. Damage symptoms Shore flies ( Scatella tenuicosta) [...] translucent and their body is cylindrical. The larvae are found in the top layer of damp soil, where they also pupate. The adult shore fly is black, about 4 to

Grape downy mildew

temperatures reach 10°C and soils are wet, forming macrosporangia that release zoospores within 24 hours. The zoospores are dispersed by rain, encyst near [...] climates and during unusually wet seasons in typically dry areas. Most grape cultivars are highly susceptible to downy mildew. Breeding programs started [...] s and young berries turn yellow or grey. Under favorable conditions they are covered with cottony spores. Early infected clusters can turn brown, dry,

Moscas

Diptera Moscas What are flies? There are several flies that are pests in agriculture, horticulture and mushroom cultivation. Species that can cause damage [...] damage or nuisance, are particularly small flies of the families Sciaridae (sciarid flies) and Ephydridae (shore flies). The larvae of these insects generally [...] generally live on rotting plant material and are mostly found in the soil. The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii , has recently developed into a

Codling moth

metallic, bronzy black ocellus on the hind part. The hindwings are brown. The eggs are about 1.3 x 1.0 mm, and whitish opalescent when laid. Later, the [...] the developing embryo is visible as a red ring. The larvae are up to 20 mm long, initially whitish and later pale pinkish white, with a brown head and a [...] In Europe, the first generation adults appear from mid May onwards. Eggs are laid singly on leaves or developing fruitlets and hatch after 10-14 days.

Escarabajos

Coleópteros Escarabajos What are beetles? Beetles belong to the order Coleoptera, a well-known group of insects that are easily recognizable on account [...] variety of form, size and habit. A number of species are a serious pest in crops or stored products. There are many useful beetles as well. For instance, ladybirds [...] possess a pair of membranous wings beneath the wing covers. Many species are very capable fliers but others cannot fly at all. Find solutions for beetles